Runes

I had a really great comparison chart of runes sent by Fionna O’Mull, but when I tried to copy it, you couldn’t read them (maybe they are magic!). The rune “alphabets” shown here are from Reading the Past: Runes, by R.I. Page (University of California Press/British Museum, 1987). The Roman letters given under each rune are approximate. For more information I highly recommend Page’s book which covers a variety of runic inscriptions from various cultures.

The Anglo-Saxon “futhork”.

From the 7th to the 9th centuries the number of runes was reduced and simplified. This began the divergence into two variant types: the “common” and the “short-twig” runes.

The younger “futhark”: the Danish or “common” runes.

The younger "futhark": the Swedo-Norwegian ro short-twig runes.


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