ÿþ<HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages - Footnotes</TITLE> </HEAD><BODY background="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/texture2.png"> <i>Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages: <br><font size=5><B></i>Footnotes</B></font> <i>by Marc Shapiro</i></p> <HR> <A name="f001"> 1. Kucik, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#kucik, wine">"Tempting the Period Palate..."</A>.<P> <A name="f002"> </A><A name="f003"> 2. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I>.</A>. p 134.</P><P> 3. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f004"> 4. Kucik, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#kucik, wine">"Tempting the Period Palate..."</A> p 26-28.</P><P> <A name="f005"> 5. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 134.</P><P> <A name="f006"> 6. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p 188, 206-208.</P><P> <A name="f007"> 7. Turner and Berry, <I> </I></A><I><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner">The Winemaker's Companion</A></I><A href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080404223116/http://www.geocities.com/Paris/1265/cbibliog.html#turner">.</A>. p 12, 13.</P><P> <A name="f008"> </A><A name="f009"> </A><A name="f010"> 8. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p 29.</P><P> 9. Ibid., pp 130-138.</P><P> 10. Ibid., pp 30, 50.</P><P> <A name="f011"> 11. Turner and Berry, <I> </I></A><I><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner">The Winemaker's Companion</A></I><A href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080404223116/http://www.geocities.com/Paris/1265/cbibliog.html#turner">.</A>. p 11.</P><P> <A name="f012"> </A><A name="f013"> </A><A name="f014"> </A><A name="f015"> 12. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. pp 188, 206-208.</P><P> 13. Ibid., pp 130-138.</P><P> 14. Ibid., p 201.</P><P> 15. Ibid., p 138.</P><P> <A name="f016"> 16. "Mead," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, mead"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I>.</A></P><P> <A name="f017"> 17. Allen, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>A History of Wine</I></A>. p 132.</P><P> <A name="f018"> </A><A name="f019"> </A><A name="f020"> 18. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. pp 12, 13.</P><P> 19. Ibid., p 12.</P><P> 20. Ibid., p 14.</P><P> <A name="f021"> 21. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 1.</P><P> <A name="f022"> 22. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I>.</A>. p 13.<BR> Hillman, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hillman"><I>The Gourmet Guide to Beer</I>.</A>. p 248.</P><P> <A name="f023"> </A><A name="f024"> 23. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 1.</P><P> 24. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f025"> 25. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. pp 12, 13.<BR> Hillman, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hillman"><I>The Gourmet Guide to Beer</I>.</A>. p 248.</P><P> <A name="f026"> 26. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 1.</P><P> <A name="f027"> </A><A name="f028"> </A><A name="f029"> </A><A name="f030"> </A><A name="f031"> </A><A name="f032"> 27. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p 18.</P><P> 28. Ibid., p 14.</P><P> 29. Ibid., p 162.</P><P> 30. Ibid.</P><P> 31. Ibid.</P><P> 32. Ibid., pp 288, 289.</P><P> <A name="f033"> 33. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p 18.<BR> Younger, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. pp 188, 234, 235.</P><P> <A name="f034"> </A><A name="f035"> 34. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p 289.</P><P> 35. Ibid., p 18.</P><P> <A name="f036"> 36. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. pp 188, 234, 235.</P><P> <A name="f037"> 37. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 3.</P><P> <A name="f038"> </A><A name="f039"> 38. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p 32.</P><P> 39. Ibid., p31.</P><P> <A name="f040"> 40. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. pp 39, 40.<BR> Simon, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. pp 132, 134-135.</P><P> <A name="f041"> </A><A name="f042"> </A><A name="f043"> </A><A name="f044"> 41. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 46.</P><P> 42. Ibid., p 40</P><P> 43. Ibid.</P><P> 44. Ibid., p 43.</P><P> <A name="f045"> </A><A name="f046"> </A><A name="f047"> </A><A name="f048"> </A><A name="f049"> </A><A name="f050"> </A><A name="f051"> </A><A name="f052"> 45. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 121.</P><P> 46. Ibid.</P><P> 47. Ibid.</P><P> 48. Ibid.</P><P> 49. Ibid., p 142.</P><P> 50. Ibid.</P><P> 51. Ibid.</P><P> 52. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f053"> </A><A name="f054"> 53. Schoonmaker, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#schoonmaker"><I>Frank Schoonmaker's Encyclopedia of Wine</I></A>. p 133.<BR> Anderson, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#anderson"><I>Winemaking: Recipes, equipment, and techniques for making wine at home</I></A>. p 230.</P><P> 54. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f055"> 55. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p162.</P><P> <A name="f056"> 56. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p259.</P><P> <A name="f057"> 57. Allen, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>A History of Wine</I></A>. p 167, 168.</P><P> <A name="f058"> 58. Macdonnell, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#macdonell"><I>The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digby Knight Opened</I></A>. p12.</P><P> <A name="f059"> 59. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#geary"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbooke</I></A>. p 55.</P><P> <A name="f060"> 60. Hillman, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hillman"><I>The Gourmet Guide to Beer</I>.</A>. p 249.</P><P> <A name="f061"> 61. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#geary"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbooke</I></A>. p 181.</P><P> <A name="f062"> 62. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 139.</P><P> <A name="f063"> </A><A name="f064"> </A><A name="f065"> 63. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbooke</I></A>. p 181.</P><P> 64. Ibid.</P><P> 65. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f066"> 66. Turner and Berry, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 139.<BR> "Brewing," <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, brewing"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f067"> 67. Brown, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brown"><I>Wines and Beers of Old New England</I></A>. p 49.</P><P> <A name="f068"> </A><A name="f069"> </A><A name="f070"> 68. "Brewing," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, brewing"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> 69. Ibid.</P><P> 70. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f071"> 71. "Hops," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, hops"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f072"> 72. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p289.</P><P> <A name="f073"> </A><A name="f074"> </A><A name="f075"> 73. Wilhelm, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#wilhelm, brewing">"Brewing Dark Ale"</A>.</P><P> 74. Ibid.</P><P> 75. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f076"> </A><A name="f077"> 76. Charlotte, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#charlotte">"Brewing from Grain"</A>.</P><P> 77. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f078"> </A><A name="f079"> </A><A name="f080"> </A><A name="f081"> 78. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbooke</I></A>. pp 106-108.</P><P> 79. Ibid.</P><P> 80. Ibid., p 107.</P><P> 81. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f082"> </A><A name="f083"> </A><A name="f084"> </A><A name="f085"> </A><A name="f086"> </A><A name="f087"> </A><A name="f088"> 82. Charlotte, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#charlotte">"Brewing from Grain"</A>.</P><P> 83. Ibid.</P><P> 84. Ibid.</P><P> 85. Ibid.</P><P> 86. Ibid.</P><P> 87. Ibid.</P><P> 88. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f089"> 89. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbooke</I></A>. p 107.</P><P> <A name="f090"> </A><A name="f091"> 90. Macdonnell, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#macdonnell"><I>The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digby Knight Opened</I></A>. p125.</P><P> 91. Ibid., p 120.</P><P> <A name="f092"> </A><A name="f093"> </A><A name="f094"> </A><A name="f095"> </A><A name="f096"> </A><A name="f097"> </A><A name="f098"> </A><A name="f099"> </A><A name="f100"> 92. Geary, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#allen"><I>The Home Brewer's Handbook</I></A>. p 178.</P><P> 93. Ibid., p 177.</P><P> 94. Ibid.</P><P> 95. Ibid., p 179.</P><P> 96. Ibid.</P><P> 97. Ibid., pp 179, 180.</P><P> 98. Ibid., p 180.</P><P> 99. Ibid.</P><P> 100. Ibid., p 181.</P><P> <A name="f101"> 101. Kucik, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#kucik, sake">"Brewing Sake"</A>.</P><P> <A name="f102"> </A><A name="f103"> 102. Ray, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#ray"><I>The Complete Book of Spirits and Liqueurs</I></A>. p 12.</P><P> 103. Ibid.</P><P> <A name="f104"> 104. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 117.<BR> Simon, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p117.</P><P> <A name="f105"> 105. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 5.<BR> Hillman, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hillman"><I>The Gourmet Guide to Beer</I>.</A>. p 248.</P><P> <A name="f106"> 106. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. p351.</P><P> <A name="f107"> 107. Ray, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#ray"><I>The Complete Bool of Spirits and Liqueurs</I></A>. p 11.</P><P> <A name="f108"> </A><A name="f109"> </A><A name="f110"> 108. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 5.</P><P> 109. Ibid., p 145.</P><P> 110. Ibid., p6.</P><P> <A name="f111"> 111. "Alcohol," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, alcohol"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f112"> 112. "Alcoholic Beverages," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, alcoholic beverages"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f113"> 113. Brown, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brown"><I>Wines and Beers of Old New England</I></A>. pp 101-104.</P><P> <A name="f114"> 114. "Alcoholic Beverages," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, alcoholic beverages"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f115"> 115. Brown, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brown"><I>Wines and Beers of Old New England</I></A>. p 101.</P><P> <A name="f116"> 116. Ray, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#ray"><I>The Complete Book of Spirits and Liqueurs</I></A>. p 9.</P><P> <A name="f117"> 117. "Alcohol," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, alcohol"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f118"> 118. Lichine, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#lichine"><I>The New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits</I></A>. p 52.</P><P> <A name="f119"> 119. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. pp 118-119.</P><P> <A name="f120"> 120. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. pp 27-28.</P><P> <A name="f121"> 121. Simon, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#simon"><I>Wines of the World</I></A>. pp 119-120.</P><P> <A name="f122"> </A><A name="f123"> </A><A name="f124"> </A><A name="f125"> </A><A name="f126"> 122. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 62.</P><P> 123. Ibid., pp 5, 145.</P><P> 124. Ibid., p 5.</P><P> 125. Ibid., p 146.</P><P> 126. Ibid., p 145.</P><P> <A name="f127"> 127. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 163.<BR> Turner and Berry, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 13.</P><P> <A name="f128"> 128. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 162.<BR> Ray, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#ray"><I>The Complete Book of Spirits and Liqueurs</I></A>. p 23.<BR> Turner and Berry, <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#turner"><I>The Winemaker's Companion</I></A>. p 13.</P><P> <A name="f129"> </A><A name="f130"> </A><A name="f131"> </A><A name="f132"> </A><A name="f133"> </A><A name="f134"> 129. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. p 170.</P><P> 130. Ibid., p 166.</P><P> 131. Ibid., p 146.</P><P> 132. Ibid., p 152.</P><P> 133. Ibid., p 153.</P><P> 134. Ibid., p 186.</P><P> <A name="f135"> </A><A name="f136"> 135. Richard Fields, Personal Interview.</A></P><A name="f136"><P> 136. Ibid.</P></A><P><A name="f136"> </A><A name="f137"> </A><A name="f138"> 137. Hannum, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#hannum"><I>Brandies and Liqueurs of the World</I></A>. pp 173, 175.</P><P> 138. Ibid., p 180.</P><P> <A name="f139"> 139. Sibley, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#sibley"><I>Tje Complete Anachronist</I> Vol. 5</A>. p 33.</P><P> <A name="f140"> 140. "Vinegar," </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#brittanica, vinegar"><I>Encyclopaedia Brittanica</I></A>.</P><P> <A name="f141"> 141. Morgan and McTyre, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#morgan">"Making Vinegar at Home"</A>.</P><P> <A name="f142"> 142. Plat, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#plat"><I>Delightes for Ladies</I></A>. p 64.</P><P> <A name="f143"> 143. Younger, </A><A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html#younger"><I>Gods, Men and Wine</I></A>. p284.</P><P> </P><P></P><HR><P> <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cwinerec.html">Click here for wine and mead recipies</A> </P> <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/index.html">Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages: The History of Wine and Mead</A> <P> <A href="http://HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/histwine/cbibliog.html">Bibliography</A></P> <HR><P> <center> <p><hr><p><p> <table border=0 width=750><tr><td></td></tr></table></p> <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/">Home</a> | <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/members/">Members</a> | <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/projects/">Projects & Artwork</a> | <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/PastTimes/">PastTimes on the Web</a> | <a href="http://www.housebarra.com/EP/">Early Period</a> <br> <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/gallery/">Photo Gallery</a> | <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/bard/">Bardic Resources</a> | <a href="http://www.HouseBarra.com/Alex/">Alex's Page</a> | </center> </BODY> </HTML>